Recently, the Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Construction issued a partial revision of the national standard "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB50016-2014 (2018 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as "Code"), and the new revised "Code" will be implemented on October 1, 2018.

Professor Zhou Yanmin of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, as a member of the Architectural Design Standardization Technical Committee of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, has participated in several seminars organized by the civil affairs, fire protection and housing urban-rural construction departments in the past year. After the introduction of the revised provisions, Zhou Yanmin's studio conducted a study on the contents of the "Standards", and combined with the previous research results, made a graphic interpretation of the main revised provisions.

1 The scope of application of the revised provisions in facilities for the elderly

What kind of "elderly facilities" need to be designed according to the new "Code"?

The scope of application of the revised provisions of "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design"

The total number of beds (to accommodate the elderly) is greater than or equal to 20 beds (persons), public buildings that provide centralized care services for the elderly, including elderly full-day care facilities and elderly day care facilities. Other non-centralized care facilities or places exclusively for the elderly, such as elderly universities, elderly activity centers, etc., are not included in the elderly care facilities.

2 Matters needing attention when constructing elderly care facilities independently or jointly

2.1 The new "standard" high-rise elderly care facilities are classified as a high-rise civil building

Article 5.1.1 of the new Code: The independently built elderly care facility with a building height greater than 24m is a type of high-rise civil building.

The old building in the original "Code" with a building height greater than 50m is a type of high-rise civil building. The standards in the new "Code" have been improved, and the elderly care facilities that are independently constructed (including adjacent construction) above 24m are a type of high-rise civil buildings.

2.2 Selection of construction location for elderly care facilities

Article 5.4.4A of the new Code: The elderly care facilities should be set up independently. When the elderly care facility is combined with other buildings up and down, the elderly care facility should be set in the lower part of the building and should meet the following requirements:

1. The number of building floors, building heights or the height of the floor location of the elderly care facility part shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.3.1A of this code;

2. Part of the elderly care facilities should be separated from other places by fire protection, and the fire separation should comply with the provisions of Article 6.2.2 of this code.

The new "Code" puts forward clear requirements for the location of elderly care facilities (independent, preferably in the lower part), and its height (not more than 32m, not more than 54m) and fire separation (floor fire resistance limit 1.0h, separation The wall fire resistance 2.0h) is specified. It is pointed out in the article description that, for some of the remodeled buildings, when it is restricted by the upper and lower use functions and floor layout in the building, try to set up independent entrances and exits.

2.3 Exterior wall materials for elderly care facilities

New "Code" Article 6.7.4A: In addition to the circumstances specified in Article 6.7.3 of this code, the following inner and outer wall and roof insulation materials for elderly care facilities shall use insulation materials with Class A burning performance:

1 Independently built elderly care facilities;

2 The elderly care facility constructed in combination with other buildings and the total construction area of ​​the elderly care facility part is greater than 500㎡.

The new "Code" sets clear fire protection requirements for the raw materials of exterior walls and roof insulation materials of elderly care facilities. Special attention should be paid to the use of combustion performance A for external walls and roofs when the elderly care facilities are more than 500m2 with other buildings. Grade insulation material.

3 Height of care facilities for the elderly

3.1 54m-height limit

5.3.1A The building height of the independently constructed first- and second-grade fire-resistant senior care facilities should not be greater than 32m, and should not be greater than 54m; the independently-built third-grade fire-resistant senior care facilities should not exceed 2 floors.

The original "Code" does not put restrictions on the height of the elderly care facilities. The new "Code" clearly states that it should not exceed 54m. And it is clearly stated in the article description, "For elderly care facilities installed in other buildings or built in combination with other buildings, the height and number of floors should also comply with this standard."

In addition, it is mentioned in the explanation of the "Regulations" that when the building height of the elderly care facilities is greater than 54m, it needs to be determined by special argumentation in accordance with relevant national regulations.

3.2 Set a corridor over 32m

Article 5.5.13A of the new “Code”: For elderly care facilities with a building height greater than 32m, it is advisable to add corridors that can connect seniors’ rooms and public activity places above 32m. The corridors on each floor should be directly connected with evacuation stairs and safety Connected to exits or outdoor shelters.

Elderly care facilities with a length of more than 32m are provided with connecting corridors connecting the elderly rooms and public activity venues. The connecting corridors can provide another evacuation passage for the elderly in the event of a fire. When the corridor needs to be closed, it is necessary to set up an external window that can be opened automatically in conjunction with the fire alarm.

3.3 24m- smoke-proof stairwell

Article 5.5.13A of the new Code: For elderly care facilities with a building height greater than 24m, smoke staircases should be used for indoor evacuation stairs.

In the original "Code" when the building height is greater than 32m, smoke-proof stairwells are used. The new "Code" raises the standard and requires that no matter whether it is a joint construction or an independent construction, when the floor height of the elderly care facility floor exceeds 24m, a smoke-proof staircase is required; when it does not exceed 24m, except for the stairs directly connected to the open corridor Outside the room, closed staircases should be set up.

4 Number and function of elderly care facilities

4.1 Underground and semi-basement --- Allowing public activities, rehabilitation and medical rooms

Article 5.4.4B of the new "Code": When the public activity rooms, rehabilitation and medical rooms for the elderly in the care facilities for the elderly are set underground or semi-underground, they should be set on the basement floor, and the area of ​​each room It should not be greater than 200m2 and the number of users should not be greater than 30 people.

The former "standard" middle-aged and elderly rooms cannot be set in underground or semi-underground spaces. The new "Code" adjusts this standard, allowing three types of housing (public activities, rehabilitation, medical treatment) to be set on the ground floor. Large-scale multi-functional halls, centralized large restaurants and other large-scale rooms with large numbers of people used by the elderly will not be installed underground or semi-underground in the future.

4.2 3 floors, over 3000m2-one refuge room

5.5.24A Elderly care facilities with a total construction area of ​​more than 3000m2 (including three or more floors in other buildings) on floors 3 and above shall be evacuated in each of the elderly care facilities on the second floor and above A refuge room is set adjacent to the staircase; when the elderly care facility is provided with an open porch directly connected to the evacuation staircase or safety exit, an outdoor platform directly connected to the evacuation walkway and meeting the evacuation requirements of the person, etc. Set up refuge room. The net area available for refuge in the refuge room should not be less than 12m 2. The evacuation room can use the front room of the evacuation staircase or the front room of the fire elevator. Other requirements should comply with the provisions of Article 5.5.24 of this code.

The original "Code" does not have the relevant provisions for the construction of evacuation rooms for the elderly. The new "Code" proposes new requirements for the establishment of evacuation rooms. Attention should be paid to the installation conditions of the refuge room (3 floors and above with a total area greater than 3000m2 and design requirements (2 floors and above, next to each evacuation staircase, 12m2).

4.3 4th floor-there are restrictions on setting up public activity houses

Elderly people's public activity rooms, rehabilitation and medical rooms in the care facilities for the elderly are set on the fourth floor and above, the building area of ​​each room should not be more than 200m2 and the number of users should not be more than 30 people.

The original "Code" stipulates that when using buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, and the elderly's activities should not exceed 3 floors. The new "Regulations" clearly stipulates the scale of the venues for the elderly. Except that there is no scale requirement for the public activity houses set on the 1-3 floors, the scale of other public activity houses on the above-ground floor and the underground floor should meet no more than 200m2, and the number of users should not exceed 30 people.

4.4 5 floors, over 3000m2-Fire elevator

Article 7.3.1 of the new Code: Fire-fighting elevators shall be provided for the care facilities for the elderly with 5 floors or more and a total construction area of ​​more than 3000m2 (including five or more floors in other buildings).

New "Code" Article 7.3.5: The short side of the front room of the fire elevator should not be less than 2.4m.

The original "Code" stipulates that fire elevators should be installed in public buildings exceeding 32m. The new "Code" improves the setting standard. When the total building area is greater than 3000m2, the fire elevators need to be installed when the floor is 5 or more, and the front side of the front room The length proposes a requirement of not less than 2.4m. Renovation projects should pay attention to this provision and meet the new requirements of the "Code" for the setting of fire elevators.

5 Facility equipment and fire fighting appliances

5.1 Smoke prevention in elevator hall

New Standard 5.5.14 Passenger and cargo elevators in public buildings should be equipped with elevator waiting halls, and should not be directly installed in business halls, exhibition halls, multi-function halls and other places. Non-fire-fighting elevators in elderly care facilities should take smoke-preventing measures. When a fire is needed to assist personnel evacuation, the elevator and its installation should comply with the requirements of this code for fire-fighting elevators and their installation.

During a fire, the elevator shaft may accelerate the spread of smoke. The new "Code" emphasizes the use of smoke prevention measures in the elevator hall, which can minimize the impact of smoke overflow in the road on each floor. In addition, due to the physical reasons of the elderly, the "Code" also pointed out that the elevator can be used for evacuation in the event of fire, but this elevator should meet the requirements for the installation of fire elevators.

5.2 Fire hose reel

Elderly care facilities should be equipped with fire hose reels directly connected to the indoor water supply system. The distance between fire hose reels should not be greater than 30.0m.

This article is new. The fire hose reel is lighter than the general fire hose, which is convenient for the staff (mostly women) in the care facility for the elderly.

5.3 Automatic sprinkler system

Article 8.3.4 of the new Code: The elderly care facility should be equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system, and an automatic sprinkler system should be adopted.

Article description: When it is difficult to set up a common automatic sprinkler system due to conditions, it meets the conditions of "the maximum indoor headroom height does not exceed 8m, the total area of ​​the protection area does not exceed 1000m2, and the fire hazard level does not exceed the middle hazard level Ⅰ civil building". Elderly care facilities can use local sprinkler systems.

The original "Code" set up an automatic fire extinguishing system for elderly buildings with an area of ​​more than 500m2. The new "Code" stipulates that all elderly care facilities should be equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system. However, for projects with a height of less than 8m, an area not exceeding 1000m2, and a danger level not exceeding medium-risk level I, the requirements have been appropriately relaxed, and an automatic water spray local application system can be used. This system can borrow the water source of indoor fire hydrant. If the water requirement is not met, it can also be supplemented from the urban water supply network or natural water source. It can be used with indoor fire hydrant for voltage stabilization facilities, water pumps and pipelines. It is suitable for some projects that lack conservative pools and pump rooms and cannot be reconstructed.

5.4 Automatic fire alarm system

New Article 8.4.1: The elderly housing and public walkways in elderly care facilities should be equipped with fire detectors and sound alarm devices or fire broadcasts.

Article description: When the total building area of ​​the elderly care facility is less than 500m2, an independent smoke detection fire alarm can also be used.

The new "Specification" clarifies the installation location of the alarm system, and proposes that elderly care facilities less than 500m2 can be equipped with independent smoke detectors, which are directly powered by batteries or household electricity, and are easy to install, enabling independent detection and independence. Call the police.

5.5 Gas mask

Article 5.5.24A of the new Code: The elderly care facilities for the elderly with dementia and having more than 2 floors should be equipped with simple gas masks according to the approved number of users.

This content is a new article, the demented old people have weak cognitive ability, and provide them with personal protective measures to reduce the harm of smoke produced by fire to the demented old people.

6 Conclusion

"Regulations" GB50016-2014 (2018 version) partial revision provisions have just been introduced, many contents still need us to continue to digest and learn. This article selects the main clauses for analysis, and the content only represents Zhou Yanmin's studio's understanding and collation of the revised clauses of the "Specifications". I hope to be able to draw ideas and exchange ideas with you.

Modified version of "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" GB50016-2014 (Version 2018): http://www.shhorse.com/Article/jzsjfhdgfgb_1.html

(This article is compiled from "Engineering Construction Standardization")